EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 123 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-33	1074-Apr-29	01:23:41	1191	44	-11449	Pb	t-	1.4966	0.1150	62N	40E	0	-	-
2	-32	1092-May-09	07:55:00	1111	42	-11226	P	t-	1.4182	0.2480	63N	67W	0	-	-
3	-31	1110-May-20	14:22:23	1038	40	-11003	P	t-	1.3363	0.3875	64N	174W	0	-	-
4	-30	1128-May-30	20:45:53	970	38	-10780	P	t-	1.2508	0.5335	64N	81E	0	-	-
5	-29	1146-Jun-11	03:09:11	902	36	-10557	P	t-	1.1642	0.6816	65N	25W	0	-	-
6	-28	1164-Jun-21	09:30:33	842	34	-10334	P	t-	1.0755	0.8335	66N	131W	0	-	-
7	-27	1182-Jul-02	15:55:45	785	33	-10111	An	t-	0.9893	0.9368	75N	120E	7	-	03m50s
8	-26	1200-Jul-12	22:22:47	728	31	-9888	A	t-	0.9039	0.9409	84N	101W	25	521	04m12s
9	-25	1218-Jul-24	04:55:32	678	29	-9665	A	p-	0.8225	0.9425	72N	135E	34	376	04m34s
10	-24	1236-Aug-03	11:32:59	628	27	-9442	A	p-	0.7442	0.9432	62N	30E	42	314	04m57s
11	-23	1254-Aug-14	18:19:39	581	26	-9219	A	p-	0.6727	0.9433	53N	76W	47	282	05m23s
12	-22	1272-Aug-25	01:13:42	542	24	-8996	A	p-	0.6068	0.9430	44N	177E	52	264	05m50s
13	-21	1290-Sep-05	08:17:06	502	22	-8773	A	p-	0.5481	0.9424	36N	68E	57	253	06m17s
14	-20	1308-Sep-15	15:29:59	467	21	-8550	A	p-	0.4965	0.9417	28N	43W	60	247	06m43s
15	-19	1326-Sep-26	22:53:50	435	20	-8327	A	p-	0.4532	0.9409	21N	156W	63	244	07m07s
16	-18	1344-Oct-07	06:26:54	403	20	-8104	A	p-	0.4170	0.9402	15N	88E	65	242	07m29s
17	-17	1362-Oct-18	14:09:25	373	20	-7881	A	p-	0.3879	0.9397	10N	29W	67	241	07m48s
18	-16	1380-Oct-28	22:00:44	345	20	-7658	A	p-	0.3656	0.9395	5N	148W	69	240	08m01s
19	-15	1398-Nov-09	06:00:32	316	20	-7435	A	p-	0.3494	0.9397	1N	91E	70	238	08m07s
20	-14	1416-Nov-19	14:05:53	293	20	-7212	A	p-	0.3371	0.9404	2S	32W	70	234	08m05s
21	-13	1434-Nov-30	22:17:32	270	20	-6989	A	n-	0.3291	0.9416	4S	155W	71	229	07m54s
22	-12	1452-Dec-11	06:31:51	247	20	-6766	A	n-	0.3225	0.9434	5S	81E	71	221	07m32s
23	-11	1470-Dec-22	14:49:03	228	20	-6543	A	n-	0.3176	0.9458	5S	43W	72	210	07m02s
24	-10	1489-Jan-01	23:04:26	208	20	-6320	A	n-	0.3102	0.9489	4S	167W	72	197	06m24s
25	-9	1507-Jan-13	07:20:08	189	20	-6097	A	n-	0.3024	0.9526	3S	68E	72	181	05m42s
26	-8	1525-Jan-23	15:31:19	172	20	-5874	A	n-	0.2898	0.9569	1S	55W	73	163	04m58s
27	-7	1543-Feb-03	23:38:50	154	20	-5651	A	n-	0.2736	0.9617	1N	177W	74	143	04m14s
28	-6	1561-Feb-14	07:39:20	141	20	-5428	A	n-	0.2507	0.9670	3N	63E	75	122	03m30s
29	-5	1579-Feb-25	15:34:46	130	20	-5205	A	n-	0.2230	0.9728	6N	56W	77	100	02m48s
30	-4	1597-Mar-17	23:22:38	119	20	-4982	A	n-	0.1879	0.9788	8N	173W	79	77	02m08s
31	-3	1615-Mar-29	07:03:24	96	18	-4759	A	nn	0.1461	0.9851	11N	72E	82	53	01m28s
32	-2	1633-Apr-08	14:37:05	70	15	-4536	A	nn	0.0976	0.9913	12N	41W	84	31	00m51s
33	-1	1651-Apr-19	22:04:36	45	12	-4313	A	nn	0.0433	0.9976	14N	152W	87	8	00m14s
34	0	1669-Apr-30	05:26:06	25	10	-4090	H	nn	-0.0170	1.0036	14N	98E	89	13	00m22s
35	1	1687-May-11	12:42:28	10	7	-3867	H	nn	-0.0827	1.0094	14N	10W	85	33	00m57s
36	2	1705-May-22	19:55:06	8	5	-3644	Hm	nn	-0.1524	1.0147	12N	117W	81	51	01m32s
37	3	1723-Jun-03	03:05:13	10	4	-3421	T	nn	-0.2250	1.0196	10N	136E	77	69	02m05s
38	4	1741-Jun-13	10:12:47	11	3	-3198	T	-n	-0.3007	1.0239	6N	29E	73	85	02m35s
39	5	1759-Jun-24	17:20:59	14	3	-2975	T	-n	-0.3767	1.0275	1N	78W	68	101	02m59s
40	6	1777-Jul-05	00:29:29	16	2	-2752	T	-p	-0.4531	1.0305	4S	174E	63	115	03m17s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	7	1795-Jul-16	07:41:36	15	1	-2529	T	-p	-0.5273	1.0327	10S	64E	58	130	03m26s
42	8	1813-Jul-27	14:55:35	12	1	-2306	T	-p	-0.6006	1.0341	17S	47W	53	144	03m27s
43	9	1831-Aug-07	22:15:59	6	1	-2083	T	-p	-0.6691	1.0349	25S	161W	48	158	03m20s
44	10	1849-Aug-18	05:40:49	7	1	-1860	T	-p	-0.7343	1.0349	33S	84E	43	172	03m07s
45	11	1867-Aug-29	13:13:07	3	0	-1637	T	-p	-0.7940	1.0344	41S	35W	37	189	02m51s
46	12	1885-Sep-08	20:51:52	-6	0	-1414	T	-p	-0.8489	1.0332	50S	157W	32	211	02m31s
47	13	1903-Sep-21	04:39:52	2	0	-1191	T	-p	-0.8967	1.0316	58S	77E	26	241	02m12s
48	14	1921-Oct-01	12:35:58	22	0	-968	T	-p	-0.9383	1.0293	66S	56W	20	291	01m52s
49	15	1939-Oct-12	20:40:23	24	0	-745	T	-p	-0.9737	1.0266	73S	155E	12	418	01m32s
50	16	1957-Oct-23	04:54:02	32	0	-522	T-	-t	-1.0022	1.0013	71S	23W	0	-	-
51	17	1975-Nov-03	13:15:54	46	0	-299	P	-t	-1.0248	0.9588	70S	162W	0	-	-
52	18	1993-Nov-13	21:45:51	60	0	-76	P	-t	-1.0411	0.9280	70S	58E	0	-	-
53	19	2011-Nov-25	06:21:24	67	0	147	P	-t	-1.0536	0.9047	69S	82W	0	-	-
54	20	2029-Dec-05	15:03:58	73	2	370	P	-t	-1.0609	0.8911	68S	136E	0	-	-
55	21	2047-Dec-16	23:50:12	82	8	593	P	-t	-1.0661	0.8817	66S	7W	0	-	-
56	22	2065-Dec-27	08:39:56	93	17	816	P	-t	-1.0688	0.8769	65S	149W	0	-	-
57	23	2084-Jan-07	17:30:23	106	27	1039	P	-t	-1.0715	0.8723	64S	68E	0	-	-
58	24	2102-Jan-19	02:21:30	123	39	1262	P	-t	-1.0741	0.8682	64S	74W	0	-	-
59	25	2120-Jan-30	11:09:56	141	53	1485	P	-t	-1.0792	0.8594	63S	145E	0	-	-
60	26	2138-Feb-09	19:55:23	163	68	1708	P	-t	-1.0872	0.8453	62S	5E	0	-	-
61	27	2156-Feb-21	04:36:02	187	84	1931	P	-t	-1.0995	0.8229	62S	134W	0	-	-
62	28	2174-Mar-03	13:11:54	213	101	2154	P	-t	-1.1162	0.7923	61S	88E	0	-	-
63	29	2192-Mar-13	21:39:59	242	120	2377	P	-t	-1.1395	0.7490	61S	48W	0	-	-
64	30	2210-Mar-26	06:01:57	274	139	2600	P	-t	-1.1681	0.6954	61S	178E	0	-	-
65	31	2228-Apr-05	14:15:36	308	160	2823	P	-t	-1.2036	0.6279	61S	46E	0	-	-
66	32	2246-Apr-16	22:23:23	345	182	3046	P	-t	-1.2445	0.5498	62S	84W	0	-	-
67	33	2264-Apr-27	06:21:41	385	204	3269	P	-t	-1.2931	0.4564	62S	148E	0	-	-
68	34	2282-May-08	14:15:15	426	228	3492	P	-t	-1.3458	0.3545	63S	20E	0	-	-
69	35	2300-May-19	22:00:39	471	253	3715	P	-t	-1.4049	0.2399	63S	105W	0	-	-
70	36	2318-May-31	05:42:33	518	278	3938	Pe	-t	-1.4670	0.1192	64S	130E	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 123

Solar eclipses of Saros 123 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1074 Apr 29. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2318 May 31. The total duration of Saros series 123 is 1244.08 years.

Summary of Saros 123

First Eclipse	1074 Apr 29
Last Eclipse	2318 May 31
Series Duration	1244.08 Years
No. of Eclipses	70
Sequence	6P 27A 3H 14T 20P

Saros 123 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 123
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	70	100.0%
Partial	P	26	37.1%
Annular	A	27	38.6%
Total	T	14	20.0%
Hybrid	H	3	4.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 123 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 123
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	44	100.0%
Central (two limits)	42	95.5%
Central (one limit)	1	2.3%
Non-Central (one limit)	1	2.3%

The 70 eclipses in Saros 123 occur in the following order : 6P 27A 3H 14T 20P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 123 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	1398 Nov 09	08m07s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	1651 Apr 19	00m14s	-
Longest Total Solar Eclipse	1813 Jul 27	03m27s	-
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse	1939 Oct 12	01m32s	-
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	1705 May 22	01m32s	-
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	1669 Apr 30	00m22s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	1975 Nov 03	-	0.95883
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	1074 Apr 29	-	0.11502

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.