EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 34

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 34

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 34 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 34
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-37	-1917-Aug-04	07:50:26	44381	3388	-48440	Pb	t-	-1.5251	0.0342	64S	149W	0	-	-
2	-36	-1899-Aug-14	15:30:47	43954	3316	-48217	P	t-	-1.4865	0.1074	63S	85E	0	-	-
3	-35	-1881-Aug-25	23:19:10	43528	3245	-47994	P	t-	-1.4552	0.1666	62S	43W	0	-	-
4	-34	-1863-Sep-05	07:15:15	43105	3174	-47771	P	t-	-1.4306	0.2130	61S	173W	0	-	-
5	-33	-1845-Sep-16	15:17:30	42684	3104	-47548	P	t-	-1.4115	0.2488	61S	56E	0	-	-
6	-32	-1827-Sep-26	23:27:25	42264	3034	-47325	P	t-	-1.3992	0.2720	61S	77W	0	-	-
7	-31	-1809-Oct-08	07:42:56	41847	2966	-47102	P	t-	-1.3923	0.2855	61S	148E	0	-	-
8	-30	-1791-Oct-18	16:04:02	41432	2898	-46879	P	t-	-1.3903	0.2901	61S	13E	0	-	-
9	-29	-1773-Oct-30	00:27:18	41019	2831	-46656	P	t-	-1.3908	0.2900	61S	123W	0	-	-
10	-28	-1755-Nov-09	08:53:36	40608	2764	-46433	P	t-	-1.3943	0.2846	61S	99E	0	-	-
11	-27	-1737-Nov-20	17:19:18	40199	2698	-46210	P	t-	-1.3982	0.2785	62S	38W	0	-	-
12	-26	-1719-Dec-01	01:43:31	39792	2633	-45987	P	t-	-1.4018	0.2728	63S	174W	0	-	-
13	-25	-1701-Dec-12	10:03:25	39387	2568	-45764	P	t-	-1.4028	0.2714	63S	50E	0	-	-
14	-24	-1683-Dec-22	18:18:37	38984	2505	-45541	P	t-	-1.4008	0.2749	64S	86W	0	-	-
15	-23	-1664-Jan-03	02:25:57	38584	2441	-45318	P	t-	-1.3935	0.2877	65S	141E	0	-	-
16	-22	-1646-Jan-13	10:24:59	38185	2379	-45095	P	t-	-1.3803	0.3104	66S	9E	0	-	-
17	-21	-1628-Jan-24	18:14:21	37789	2317	-44872	P	t-	-1.3603	0.3448	67S	121W	0	-	-
18	-20	-1610-Feb-04	01:54:29	37394	2256	-44649	P	t-	-1.3339	0.3901	69S	111E	0	-	-
19	-19	-1592-Feb-15	09:21:59	37002	2196	-44426	P	t-	-1.2979	0.4521	69S	15W	0	-	-
20	-18	-1574-Feb-25	16:40:13	36611	2137	-44203	P	t-	-1.2551	0.5259	70S	138W	0	-	-
21	-17	-1556-Mar-07	23:46:37	36223	2078	-43980	P	t-	-1.2033	0.6154	71S	100E	0	-	-
22	-16	-1538-Mar-19	06:45:09	35837	2020	-43757	P	t-	-1.1458	0.7149	71S	20W	0	-	-
23	-15	-1520-Mar-29	13:31:45	35453	1962	-43534	P	t-	-1.0790	0.8304	72S	137W	0	-	-
24	-14	-1502-Apr-09	20:12:51	35071	1906	-43311	A-	t-	-1.0082	0.9528	72S	107E	0	-	-
25	-13	-1484-Apr-20	02:45:02	34691	1850	-43088	A	t-	-0.9300	0.9493	58S	45W	21	507	04m24s
26	-12	-1466-May-01	09:13:14	34313	1794	-42865	A	p-	-0.8491	0.9511	45S	157W	32	336	04m54s
27	-11	-1448-May-11	15:35:23	33937	1740	-42642	A	p-	-0.7634	0.9518	35S	99E	40	271	05m26s
28	-10	-1430-May-22	21:57:16	33563	1686	-42419	A	p-	-0.6777	0.9517	25S	4W	47	239	05m58s
29	-9	-1412-Jun-02	04:17:00	33191	1633	-42196	A	p-	-0.5903	0.9509	16S	104W	54	222	06m30s
30	-8	-1394-Jun-13	10:38:16	32822	1580	-41973	A	p-	-0.5044	0.9497	8S	157E	60	214	06m58s
31	-7	-1376-Jun-23	17:01:39	32454	1529	-41750	A	p-	-0.4202	0.9478	2S	58E	65	211	07m22s
32	-6	-1358-Jul-04	23:30:14	32089	1478	-41527	A	pn	-0.3404	0.9456	4N	42W	70	213	07m38s
33	-5	-1340-Jul-15	06:04:10	31725	1428	-41304	A	nn	-0.2650	0.9430	8N	142W	75	218	07m50s
34	-4	-1322-Jul-26	12:44:39	31364	1378	-41081	A	nn	-0.1950	0.9402	12N	117E	79	226	07m57s
35	-3	-1304-Aug-05	19:33:57	31005	1329	-40858	A	nn	-0.1321	0.9373	13N	14E	82	235	08m03s
36	-2	-1286-Aug-17	02:32:01	30647	1281	-40635	A	nn	-0.0762	0.9343	14N	91W	86	246	08m08s
37	-1	-1268-Aug-27	09:39:35	30292	1234	-40412	A	nn	-0.0281	0.9313	13N	161E	88	257	08m15s
38	0	-1250-Sep-07	16:57:00	29939	1188	-40189	A	nn	0.0122	0.9286	11N	51E	89	268	08m24s
39	1	-1232-Sep-18	00:24:43	29588	1142	-39966	A	nn	0.0441	0.9261	9N	62W	87	278	08m36s
40	2	-1214-Sep-29	08:01:40	29239	1097	-39743	A	nn	0.0688	0.9240	6N	178W	86	287	08m49s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 34
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	3	-1196-Oct-09	15:45:55	28892	1052	-39520	A	nn	0.0879	0.9223	2N	65E	85	294	09m03s
42	4	-1178-Oct-20	23:38:06	28548	1009	-39297	A	nn	0.1006	0.9212	2S	55W	84	299	09m18s
43	5	-1160-Oct-31	07:35:58	28205	966	-39074	A	nn	0.1085	0.9207	5S	176W	84	302	09m32s
44	6	-1142-Nov-11	15:37:55	27864	924	-38851	Am	nn	0.1136	0.9209	9S	62E	84	301	09m43s
45	7	-1124-Nov-21	23:41:33	27525	883	-38628	A	nn	0.1176	0.9218	12S	60W	83	298	09m52s
46	8	-1106-Dec-03	07:46:01	27189	842	-38405	A	nn	0.1211	0.9234	14S	177E	83	291	09m54s
47	9	-1088-Dec-13	15:49:28	26854	803	-38182	A	nn	0.1259	0.9256	16S	56E	83	282	09m49s
48	10	-1070-Dec-24	23:48:57	26522	764	-37959	A	nn	0.1342	0.9286	16S	65W	82	270	09m35s
49	11	-1051-Jan-04	07:44:30	26192	726	-37736	A	nn	0.1461	0.9321	15S	176E	82	256	09m13s
50	12	-1033-Jan-15	15:33:30	25863	688	-37513	A	nn	0.1639	0.9363	13S	57E	81	240	08m40s
51	13	-1015-Jan-25	23:16:26	25537	652	-37290	A	nn	0.1872	0.9408	10S	60W	79	223	08m00s
52	14	-0997-Feb-06	06:50:34	25213	621	-37067	A	nn	0.2185	0.9458	6S	175W	77	205	07m12s
53	15	-0979-Feb-16	14:18:10	24891	614	-36844	A	nn	0.2558	0.9509	1S	71E	75	186	06m21s
54	16	-0961-Feb-27	21:37:12	24571	607	-36621	A	nn	0.3006	0.9563	5N	42W	72	167	05m29s
55	17	-0943-Mar-10	04:48:27	24253	600	-36398	A	-n	0.3528	0.9616	12N	153W	69	148	04m36s
56	18	-0925-Mar-21	11:52:31	23937	593	-36175	A	-p	0.4116	0.9668	20N	97E	66	130	03m47s
57	19	-0907-Mar-31	18:50:46	23623	587	-35952	A	-p	0.4760	0.9718	28N	12W	61	114	03m01s
58	20	-0889-Apr-12	01:44:20	23312	580	-35729	A	-p	0.5450	0.9765	36N	120W	57	99	02m21s
59	21	-0871-Apr-22	08:32:57	23002	573	-35506	A	-p	0.6187	0.9806	45N	133E	52	87	01m47s
60	22	-0853-May-03	15:20:03	22694	566	-35283	A	-p	0.6945	0.9842	55N	26E	46	78	01m20s
61	23	-0835-May-13	22:05:34	22389	559	-35060	A	-p	0.7725	0.9870	65N	82W	39	72	00m59s
62	24	-0817-May-25	04:51:35	22085	552	-34837	A	-p	0.8506	0.9891	75N	165E	31	74	00m45s
63	25	-0799-Jun-04	11:39:05	21784	545	-34614	A	-p	0.9284	0.9898	85N	5E	21	99	00m38s
64	26	-0781-Jun-15	18:30:44	21485	539	-34391	P	-t	1.0035	0.9819	67N	173E	0	-	-
65	27	-0763-Jun-26	01:27:22	21188	532	-34168	P	-t	1.0756	0.8526	66N	57E	0	-	-
66	28	-0745-Jul-07	08:29:25	20892	525	-33945	P	-t	1.1440	0.7292	65N	60W	0	-	-
67	29	-0727-Jul-17	15:39:41	20599	518	-33722	P	-t	1.2066	0.6157	64N	179W	0	-	-
68	30	-0709-Jul-28	22:57:45	20308	511	-33499	P	-t	1.2638	0.5120	63N	61E	0	-	-
69	31	-0691-Aug-08	06:25:46	20019	504	-33276	P	-t	1.3139	0.4210	63N	62W	0	-	-
70	32	-0673-Aug-19	14:01:48	19732	497	-33053	P	-t	1.3583	0.3403	62N	174E	0	-	-
71	33	-0655-Aug-29	21:49:34	19448	490	-32830	P	-t	1.3943	0.2747	61N	47E	0	-	-
72	34	-0637-Sep-10	05:45:52	19165	483	-32607	P	-t	1.4245	0.2199	61N	82W	0	-	-
73	35	-0619-Sep-20	13:53:01	18884	476	-32384	P	-t	1.4466	0.1796	61N	146E	0	-	-
74	36	-0601-Oct-01	22:08:13	18605	469	-32161	P	-t	1.4631	0.1494	61N	13E	0	-	-
75	37	-0583-Oct-12	06:33:17	18330	462	-31938	P	-t	1.4726	0.1321	61N	123W	0	-	-
76	38	-0565-Oct-23	15:04:16	18056	455	-31715	P	-t	1.4781	0.1217	61N	99E	0	-	-
77	39	-0547-Nov-02	23:41:33	17782	448	-31492	P	-t	1.4795	0.1187	62N	40W	0	-	-
78	40	-0529-Nov-14	08:22:50	17514	441	-31269	P	-t	1.4784	0.1200	62N	179E	0	-	-
79	41	-0511-Nov-24	17:07:59	17245	434	-31046	P	-t	1.4746	0.1262	63N	38E	0	-	-
80	42	-0493-Dec-06	01:52:59	16957	428	-30823	P	-t	1.4719	0.1301	64N	104W	0	-	-

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 34
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
81	43	-0475-Dec-16	10:38:01	16645	421	-30600	P	-t	1.4699	0.1327	65N	113E	0	-	-
82	44	-0457-Dec-27	19:20:08	16334	414	-30377	P	-t	1.4707	0.1296	66N	29W	0	-	-
83	45	-0438-Jan-07	03:59:51	16037	408	-30154	P	-t	1.4743	0.1215	67N	170W	0	-	-
84	46	-0420-Jan-18	12:32:46	15748	401	-29931	P	-t	1.4836	0.1023	68N	49E	0	-	-
85	47	-0402-Jan-28	21:01:15	15460	395	-29708	P	-t	1.4972	0.0749	69N	91W	0	-	-
86	48	-0384-Feb-09	05:21:17	15189	389	-29485	Pe	-t	1.5180	0.0336	70N	131E	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 34

Solar eclipses of Saros 34 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1917 Aug 04. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0384 Feb 09. The total duration of Saros series 34 is 1532.56 years.

Summary of Saros 34

First Eclipse	-1917 Aug 04
Last Eclipse	-0384 Feb 09
Series Duration	1532.56 Years
No. of Eclipses	86
Sequence	23P 40A 23P

Saros 34 is composed of 86 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 34
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	86	100.0%
Partial	P	46	53.5%
Annular	A	40	46.5%
Total	T	0	0.0%
Hybrid	H	0	0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 34 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 34
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	40	100.0%
Central (two limits)	39	97.5%
Central (one limit)	0	0.0%
Non-Central (one limit)	1	2.5%

The 86 eclipses in Saros 34 occur in the following order : 23P 40A 23P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 34 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 34
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	-1106 Dec 03	09m54s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	-0799 Jun 04	00m38s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	-0781 Jun 15	-	0.98187
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	-0384 Feb 09	-	0.03362

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 34

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.