EclipseWise - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 21

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 21

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 21 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 21
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
1	-38	-2275-May-05	01:32:56	53306	4965	-52871	Pb	t-	1.5211	0.0126	61N	90W	0	-	-
2	-37	-2257-May-16	08:54:32	52837	4879	-52648	P	t-	1.4468	0.1567	61N	149E	0	-	-
3	-36	-2239-May-26	16:18:16	52371	4794	-52425	P	t-	1.3740	0.2984	62N	27E	0	-	-
4	-35	-2221-Jun-06	23:43:11	51906	4709	-52202	P	t-	1.3022	0.4381	63N	95W	0	-	-
5	-34	-2203-Jun-17	07:11:24	51444	4626	-51979	P	t-	1.2331	0.5723	63N	142E	0	-	-
6	-33	-2185-Jun-28	14:43:51	50983	4542	-51756	P	t-	1.1675	0.6993	64N	17E	0	-	-
7	-32	-2167-Jul-08	22:21:59	50525	4460	-51533	P	t-	1.1068	0.8160	65N	110W	0	-	-
8	-31	-2149-Jul-20	06:06:55	50069	4378	-51310	P	t-	1.0519	0.9207	66N	122E	0	-	-
9	-30	-2131-Jul-30	13:57:59	49615	4297	-51087	T+	t-	1.0024	1.0142	67N	8W	0	-	-
10	-29	-2113-Aug-10	21:57:36	49163	4217	-50864	T	t-	0.9603	1.0493	82N	174W	16	612	02m32s
11	-28	-2095-Aug-21	06:04:31	48712	4137	-50641	T	p-	0.9247	1.0469	80N	0E	22	418	02m35s
12	-27	-2077-Sep-01	14:20:14	48264	4058	-50418	T	p-	0.8965	1.0436	74N	146W	26	332	02m34s
13	-26	-2059-Sep-11	22:42:50	47819	3980	-50195	T	p-	0.8745	1.0400	67N	77E	29	278	02m29s
14	-25	-2041-Sep-23	07:14:01	47375	3903	-49972	T	p-	0.8599	1.0363	62N	58W	30	239	02m23s
15	-24	-2023-Oct-03	15:50:58	46933	3826	-49749	T	p-	0.8507	1.0326	57N	166E	31	209	02m15s
16	-23	-2005-Oct-15	00:33:42	46493	3750	-49526	T	p-	0.8466	1.0292	52N	30E	32	185	02m07s
17	-22	-1987-Oct-25	09:20:10	46056	3674	-49303	T	p-	0.8462	1.0260	48N	107W	32	165	01m58s
18	-21	-1969-Nov-05	18:10:05	45620	3599	-49080	T	p-	0.8488	1.0233	45N	115E	32	149	01m51s
19	-20	-1951-Nov-16	02:59:52	45187	3525	-48857	T	p-	0.8521	1.0211	42N	23W	31	137	01m44s
20	-19	-1933-Nov-27	11:48:58	44755	3452	-48634	T	p-	0.8555	1.0194	40N	161W	31	128	01m39s
21	-18	-1915-Dec-07	20:34:57	44326	3379	-48411	T	p-	0.8568	1.0182	38N	62E	31	121	01m36s
22	-17	-1897-Dec-19	05:17:55	43898	3307	-48188	T	p-	0.8561	1.0176	36N	74W	31	117	01m35s
23	-16	-1879-Dec-29	13:53:11	43473	3235	-47965	T	p-	0.8497	1.0175	35N	151E	32	114	01m36s
24	-15	-1860-Jan-09	22:22:48	43050	3165	-47742	T	p-	0.8393	1.0178	33N	19E	33	112	01m38s
25	-14	-1842-Jan-20	06:42:44	42629	3095	-47519	T	p-	0.8214	1.0185	31N	111W	35	110	01m43s
26	-13	-1824-Jan-31	14:55:31	42210	3026	-47296	T	p-	0.7984	1.0194	30N	121E	37	109	01m47s
27	-12	-1806-Feb-10	22:56:34	41793	2957	-47073	T	p-	0.7662	1.0204	28N	3W	40	106	01m51s
28	-11	-1788-Feb-22	06:50:12	41378	2889	-46850	T	p-	0.7283	1.0213	27N	124W	43	104	01m55s
29	-10	-1770-Mar-04	14:32:24	40965	2822	-46627	T	p-	0.6818	1.0220	26N	117E	47	100	01m57s
30	-9	-1752-Mar-14	22:06:38	40554	2755	-46404	T	p-	0.6293	1.0224	26N	2E	51	96	01m57s
31	-8	-1734-Mar-26	05:30:19	40146	2690	-46181	T	p-	0.5688	1.0223	26N	110W	55	91	01m55s
32	-7	-1716-Apr-05	12:47:38	39739	2624	-45958	T	p-	0.5038	1.0218	26N	139E	60	85	01m52s
33	-6	-1698-Apr-16	19:56:50	39335	2560	-45735	T	p-	0.4329	1.0206	27N	32E	64	77	01m47s
34	-5	-1680-Apr-27	03:00:07	38932	2496	-45512	T	n-	0.3578	1.0188	27N	74W	69	68	01m39s
35	-4	-1662-May-08	09:58:29	38532	2433	-45289	H3	nn	0.2799	1.0162	27N	179W	74	58	01m28s
36	-3	-1644-May-18	16:53:51	38133	2371	-45066	H	nn	0.2005	1.0131	26N	78E	78	46	01m13s
37	-2	-1626-May-29	23:47:19	37737	2309	-44843	Hm	nn	0.1205	1.0092	25N	25W	83	32	00m54s
38	-1	-1608-Jun-09	06:39:36	37343	2249	-44620	H	nn	0.0404	1.0047	23N	128W	88	16	00m29s
39	0	-1590-Jun-20	13:33:25	36951	2188	-44397	A	nn	-0.0373	0.9997	21N	129E	88	1	00m02s
40	1	-1572-Jun-30	20:29:42	36561	2129	-44174	A	nn	-0.1117	0.9941	17N	24E	84	21	00m40s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 21
Seq Num	Rel Num	Calendar Date	TD of Greatest Eclipse	ΔT s	ΔT Sigma s	Luna Num	Ecl Type	QLE	Gamma	Ecl Mag	Lat °	Long °	Sun Alt °	Path Width km	Central Dur
41	2	-1554-Jul-12	03:29:10	36173	2070	-43951	A	nn	-0.1823	0.9882	13N	82W	80	42	01m24s
42	3	-1536-Jul-22	10:34:08	35787	2012	-43728	A	-n	-0.2474	0.9820	9N	170E	76	66	02m13s
43	4	-1518-Aug-02	17:45:17	35403	1955	-43505	A	-p	-0.3064	0.9756	4N	60E	72	92	03m03s
44	5	-1500-Aug-13	01:04:11	35021	1898	-43282	A	-p	-0.3579	0.9692	2S	53W	69	119	03m52s
45	6	-1482-Aug-24	08:29:14	34642	1842	-43059	A	-p	-0.4034	0.9628	7S	167W	66	147	04m37s
46	7	-1464-Sep-03	16:02:54	34264	1787	-42836	A	-p	-0.4406	0.9566	13S	76E	64	175	05m17s
47	8	-1446-Sep-14	23:43:53	33888	1733	-42613	A	-p	-0.4709	0.9508	19S	43W	62	203	05m50s
48	9	-1428-Sep-25	07:32:34	33515	1679	-42390	A	-p	-0.4940	0.9454	24S	164W	60	230	06m17s
49	10	-1410-Oct-06	15:27:22	33143	1626	-42167	A	-p	-0.5112	0.9405	29S	75E	59	255	06m39s
50	11	-1392-Oct-16	23:28:17	32774	1574	-41944	A	-p	-0.5226	0.9363	35S	48W	58	276	06m55s
51	12	-1374-Oct-28	07:33:41	32407	1522	-41721	A	-p	-0.5295	0.9326	40S	172W	58	295	07m08s
52	13	-1356-Nov-07	15:41:05	32041	1471	-41498	A	-p	-0.5341	0.9298	44S	65E	57	311	07m17s
53	14	-1338-Nov-18	23:50:21	31678	1421	-41275	A	-p	-0.5365	0.9275	48S	57W	57	323	07m22s
54	15	-1320-Nov-29	07:58:30	31317	1372	-41052	A	-p	-0.5396	0.9260	52S	178W	57	331	07m23s
55	16	-1302-Dec-10	16:04:35	30958	1323	-40829	A	-p	-0.5437	0.9251	55S	63E	57	337	07m21s
56	17	-1284-Dec-21	00:05:07	30601	1275	-40606	A	-p	-0.5520	0.9249	57S	53W	56	340	07m16s
57	18	-1265-Jan-01	08:00:58	30246	1228	-40383	A	-p	-0.5638	0.9252	58S	166W	55	342	07m07s
58	19	-1247-Jan-11	15:49:06	29893	1182	-40160	A	-p	-0.5819	0.9260	58S	82E	54	343	06m56s
59	20	-1229-Jan-22	23:28:20	29543	1136	-39937	A	-p	-0.6067	0.9271	57S	28W	52	344	06m42s
60	21	-1211-Feb-02	06:57:53	29194	1091	-39714	A	-p	-0.6391	0.9285	56S	136W	50	347	06m28s
61	22	-1193-Feb-13	14:17:53	28847	1047	-39491	A	-p	-0.6790	0.9300	55S	118E	47	354	06m14s
62	23	-1175-Feb-23	21:27:51	28503	1003	-39268	A	-p	-0.7268	0.9315	53S	13E	43	367	06m01s
63	24	-1157-Mar-07	04:27:12	28160	961	-39045	A	-p	-0.7830	0.9329	52S	89W	38	395	05m49s
64	25	-1139-Mar-17	11:17:38	27820	919	-38822	A	-p	-0.8460	0.9338	52S	172E	32	452	05m38s
65	26	-1121-Mar-28	17:59:13	27482	878	-38599	A	-t	-0.9157	0.9341	54S	77E	23	598	05m27s
66	27	-1103-Apr-08	00:32:42	27145	837	-38376	As	-t	-0.9915	0.9320	59S	1W	6	-	05m07s
67	28	-1085-Apr-19	06:59:50	26811	798	-38153	P	-t	-1.0721	0.8387	61S	96W	0	-	-
68	29	-1067-Apr-29	13:22:16	26479	759	-37930	P	-t	-1.1559	0.6960	61S	158E	0	-	-
69	30	-1049-May-10	19:42:09	26149	721	-37707	P	-t	-1.2415	0.5497	62S	53E	0	-	-
70	31	-1031-May-21	01:58:57	25821	683	-37484	P	-t	-1.3292	0.3995	62S	52W	0	-	-
71	32	-1013-Jun-01	08:17:35	25495	647	-37261	P	-t	-1.4147	0.2526	63S	157W	0	-	-
72	33	-0995-Jun-11	14:36:58	25171	620	-37038	Pe	-t	-1.4993	0.1074	64S	98E	0	-	-

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 21

Solar eclipses of Saros 21 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -2275 May 05. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0995 Jun 11. The total duration of Saros series 21 is 1280.14 years.

Summary of Saros 21

First Eclipse	-2275 May 05
Last Eclipse	-0995 Jun 11
Series Duration	1280.14 Years
No. of Eclipses	72
Sequence	8P 26T 4H 28A 6P

Saros 21 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 21
Eclipse Type	Symbol	Number	Percent
All Eclipses	-	72	100.0%
Partial	P	14	19.4%
Annular	A	28	38.9%
Total	T	26	36.1%
Hybrid	H	4	5.6%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 21 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 21
Classification	Number	Percent
All Umbral Eclipses	58	100.0%
Central (two limits)	56	96.6%
Central (one limit)	1	1.7%
Non-Central (one limit)	1	1.7%

The 72 eclipses in Saros 21 occur in the following order : 8P 26T 4H 28A 6P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 21 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 21
Extrema Type	Date	Duration	Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse	-1320 Nov 29	07m23s	-
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse	-1590 Jun 20	00m02s	-
Longest Total Solar Eclipse	-2095 Aug 21	02m35s	-
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse	-1897 Dec 19	01m35s	-
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	-1662 May 08	01m28s	-
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse	-1608 Jun 09	00m29s	-
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse	-2149 Jul 20	-	0.92067
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse	-2275 May 05	-	0.01260

Panorama of Solar Eclipses of Saros 21

Catalog of Saros Series of Solar Eclipses

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Predictions

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links
Solar Eclipse Basics - a primer on solar eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series - covers Saros series -30 through 190
Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - from -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page for world eclipse maps covering 5 millennia
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
How to Photograph a Solar Eclipse - instructions for imaging an eclipse of the Sun
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.