Saros 3

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 3

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 3

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 3 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 3
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
1-37 -2814-Apr-2423:13:38 68273 7843 -59538 Pb t- 1.4796 0.0947 61N 19E 0 - -
2-36 -2796-May-0506:33:52 67743 7737 -59315 P t- 1.4094 0.2312 61N 102W 0 - -
3-35 -2778-May-1613:52:38 67214 7631 -59092 P t- 1.3382 0.3692 61N 137E 0 - -
4-34 -2760-May-2621:12:07 66688 7527 -58869 P t- 1.2682 0.5044 62N 16E 0 - -
5-33 -2742-Jun-0704:33:14 66163 7423 -58646 P t- 1.1997 0.6358 62N 105W 0 - -
6-32 -2724-Jun-1711:56:30 65641 7319 -58423 P t- 1.1335 0.7616 63N 132E 0 - -
7-31 -2706-Jun-2819:24:29 65121 7217 -58200 P t- 1.0720 0.8775 64N 9E 0 - -
8-30 -2688-Jul-0902:57:18 64603 7115 -57977 P t- 1.0153 0.9829 65N 116W 0 - -
9-29 -2670-Jul-2010:36:38 64087 7013 -57754 T t- 0.9643 1.0329 80N 129E 15 44001m42s
10-28 -2652-Jul-3018:22:16 63573 6913 -57531 T p- 0.9194 1.0293 89N 64W 23 25801m38s
11-27 -2634-Aug-1102:16:08 63061 6813 -57308 T p- 0.8817 1.0246 82N 85E 28 18001m28s
12-26 -2616-Aug-2110:17:08 62551 6713 -57085 T p- 0.8509 1.0194 75N 41W 31 12701m13s
13-25 -2598-Sep-0118:25:37 62044 6615 -56862 T p- 0.8271 1.0140 69N 167W 34 8600m56s
14-24 -2580-Sep-1202:41:27 61538 6517 -56639 H p- 0.8100 1.0085 63N 65E 36 5000m36s
15-23 -2562-Sep-2311:04:38 61034 6420 -56416 H p- 0.7996 1.0033 58N 65W 37 1900m14s
16-22 -2544-Oct-0319:33:19 60533 6323 -56193 A p- 0.7946 0.9983 53N 163E 37 1000m08s
17-21 -2526-Oct-1504:06:18 60033 6227 -55970 A p- 0.7938 0.9937 49N 30E 37 3600m31s
18-20 -2508-Oct-2512:42:16 59536 6132 -55747 A p- 0.7965 0.9897 45N 103W 37 6000m53s
19-19 -2490-Nov-0521:20:17 59040 6037 -55524 A p- 0.8015 0.9861 42N 122E 36 8201m15s
20-18 -2472-Nov-1605:56:39 58547 5943 -55301 A p- 0.8060 0.9832 39N 12W 36 10001m34s
21-17 -2454-Nov-2714:31:45 58056 5850 -55078 A p- 0.8102 0.9809 36N 146W 36 11601m52s
22-16 -2436-Dec-0723:01:41 57567 5758 -54855 A p- 0.8109 0.9792 34N 81E 36 12602m06s
23-15 -2418-Dec-1907:27:13 57080 5666 -54632 A p- 0.8089 0.9780 32N 50W 36 13302m17s
24-14 -2400-Dec-2915:43:24 56595 5575 -54409 A p- 0.7999 0.9775 30N 180W 37 13402m24s
25-13 -2381-Jan-0923:53:04 56112 5484 -54186 A p- 0.7864 0.9774 28N 53E 38 13102m27s
26-12 -2363-Jan-2007:51:41 55631 5394 -53963 A p- 0.7643 0.9776 26N 72W 40 12302m26s
27-11 -2345-Jan-3115:41:06 55152 5305 -53740 A p- 0.7356 0.9781 24N 167E 42 11402m23s
28-10 -2327-Feb-1023:18:23 54675 5217 -53517 A p- 0.6976 0.9786 22N 49E 46 10402m18s
29 -9 -2309-Feb-2206:46:43 54201 5129 -53294 A p- 0.6529 0.9792 21N 66W 49 9602m12s
30 -8 -2291-Mar-0414:03:40 53728 5042 -53071 A p- 0.5995 0.9796 20N 178W 53 8902m07s
31 -7 -2273-Mar-1521:10:42 53258 4956 -52848 A p- 0.5388 0.9798 19N 73E 57 8402m03s
32 -6 -2255-Mar-2604:08:11 52789 4870 -52625 A p- 0.4710 0.9796 19N 33W 62 8102m03s
33 -5 -2237-Apr-0610:57:49 52323 4785 -52402 A p- 0.3976 0.9790 19N 136W 66 8102m06s
34 -4 -2219-Apr-1617:40:13 51858 4701 -52179 A nn 0.3191 0.9779 19N 122E 71 8202m12s
35 -3 -2201-Apr-2800:16:38 51396 4617 -51956 A nn 0.2363 0.9763 19N 23E 76 8702m24s
36 -2 -2183-May-0806:49:10 50936 4534 -51733 A nn 0.1513 0.9742 19N 76W 81 9302m41s
37 -1 -2165-May-1913:19:25 50478 4452 -51510 Am nn 0.0654 0.9714 18N 173W 86 10303m05s
38 0 -2147-May-2919:47:45 50022 4370 -51287 A nn -0.0212 0.9682 17N 89E 89 11403m35s
39 1 -2129-Jun-1002:17:35 49568 4289 -51064 A nn -0.1058 0.9645 15N 9W 84 12904m13s
40 2 -2111-Jun-2008:48:56 49116 4209 -50841 A nn -0.1882 0.9604 12N 107W 79 14604m58s
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 3
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
41 3 -2093-Jul-0115:25:32 48666 4129 -50618 A np -0.2656 0.9559 8N 152E 75 16705m48s
42 4 -2075-Jul-1122:05:34 48218 4050 -50395 A -p -0.3395 0.9511 4N 50E 70 19006m41s
43 5 -2057-Jul-2304:54:00 47773 3972 -50172 A -p -0.4055 0.9462 0S 55W 66 21707m31s
44 6 -2039-Aug-0211:48:47 47329 3895 -49949 A -p -0.4655 0.9412 6S 161W 62 24608m14s
45 7 -2021-Aug-1318:53:21 46888 3818 -49726 A -p -0.5170 0.9364 11S 89E 59 27608m46s
46 8 -2003-Aug-2402:05:23 46448 3742 -49503 A -p -0.5618 0.9316 16S 23W 56 30809m09s
47 9 -1985-Sep-0409:27:50 46011 3666 -49280 A -p -0.5975 0.9272 22S 138W 53 33809m22s
48 10 -1967-Sep-1416:58:07 45575 3592 -49057 A -p -0.6262 0.9232 27S 105E 51 36809m27s
49 11 -1949-Sep-2600:36:40 45142 3517 -48834 A -p -0.6476 0.9197 33S 14W 49 39409m25s
50 12 -1931-Oct-0608:22:23 44711 3444 -48611 A -p -0.6628 0.9167 38S 135W 48 41809m19s
51 13 -1913-Oct-1716:14:51 44282 3371 -48388 A -p -0.6725 0.9145 43S 103E 47 43609m09s
52 14 -1895-Oct-2800:11:48 43854 3299 -48165 A -p -0.6780 0.9130 48S 19W 47 44908m57s
53 15 -1877-Nov-0808:11:13 43429 3228 -47942 A -p -0.6815 0.9122 53S 141W 47 45708m43s
54 16 -1859-Nov-1816:12:04 43007 3158 -47719 A -p -0.6837 0.9121 57S 98E 47 46008m27s
55 17 -1841-Nov-3000:12:38 42586 3088 -47496 A -p -0.6864 0.9127 61S 21W 46 45908m08s
56 18 -1823-Dec-1008:09:55 42167 3018 -47273 A -p -0.6917 0.9140 65S 136W 46 45607m48s
57 19 -1805-Dec-2116:03:22 41750 2950 -47050 A -p -0.7004 0.9159 68S 112E 45 45107m26s
58 20 -1787-Dec-3123:50:44 41335 2882 -46827 A -p -0.7144 0.9183 69S 4E 44 44607m03s
59 21 -1768-Jan-1207:31:55 40923 2815 -46604 A -p -0.7335 0.9212 70S 101W 43 44106m38s
60 22 -1750-Jan-2215:03:51 40512 2749 -46381 A -p -0.7607 0.9243 69S 157E 40 44006m12s
61 23 -1732-Feb-0222:28:17 40104 2683 -46158 A -p -0.7942 0.9278 68S 54E 37 44605m46s
62 24 -1714-Feb-1305:43:16 39697 2618 -45935 A -p -0.8358 0.9311 66S 47W 33 46705m21s
63 25 -1696-Feb-2412:49:29 39293 2553 -45712 A -p -0.8847 0.9344 64S 147W 27 52104m57s
64 26 -1678-Mar-0619:46:49 38891 2490 -45489 A -t -0.9412 0.9369 63S 119E 19 69404m34s
65 27 -1660-Mar-1702:37:12 38491 2427 -45266 A- -t -1.0034 0.9580 61S 48E 0 - -
66 28 -1642-Mar-2809:21:04 38093 2365 -45043 P -t -1.0715 0.8429 61S 64W 0 - -
67 29 -1624-Apr-0715:58:07 37696 2303 -44820 P -t -1.1452 0.7169 61S 173W 0 - -
68 30 -1606-Apr-1822:32:04 37303 2242 -44597 P -t -1.2216 0.5851 61S 78E 0 - -
69 31 -1588-Apr-2905:02:45 36911 2182 -44374 P -t -1.3008 0.4473 61S 30W 0 - -
70 32 -1570-May-1011:33:34 36521 2123 -44151 P -t -1.3803 0.3080 61S 138W 0 - -
71 33 -1552-May-2018:03:32 36133 2064 -43928 P -t -1.4608 0.1660 62S 114E 0 - -
72 34 -1534-Jun-0100:37:43 35747 2006 -43705 Pe -t -1.5383 0.0286 63S 4E 0 - -

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 3

Solar eclipses of Saros 3 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -2814 Apr 24. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1534 Jun 01. The total duration of Saros series 3 is 1280.14 years.

Summary of Saros 3
First Eclipse -2814 Apr 24
Last Eclipse -1534 Jun 01
Series Duration 1280.14 Years
No. of Eclipses 72
Sequence 8P 5T 2H 50A 7P

Saros 3 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 3
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 15 20.8%
AnnularA 50 69.4%
TotalT 5 6.9%
HybridH 2 2.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 3 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 3
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 57100.0%
Central (two limits) 56 98.2%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.8%

The 72 eclipses in Saros 3 occur in the following order : 8P 5T 2H 50A 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 3 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 3
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -1967 Sep 1409m27s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -2544 Oct 0300m08s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -2670 Jul 2001m42s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -2598 Sep 0100m56s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -2580 Sep 1200m36s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -2562 Sep 2300m14s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -2688 Jul 09 - 0.98294
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -1534 Jun 01 - 0.02860

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.