Saros 70

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 70

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 70

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 70 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 70
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
1-49 -0821-Sep-0500:53:45 22148 554 -34883 Pb t- -1.5108 0.0409 61S 171W 0 - -
2-48 -0803-Sep-1509:12:43 21846 547 -34660 P t- -1.4826 0.0962 61S 54E 0 - -
3-47 -0785-Sep-2617:39:11 21546 540 -34437 P t- -1.4608 0.1390 61S 82W 0 - -
4-46 -0767-Oct-0702:12:50 21249 533 -34214 P t- -1.4449 0.1702 61S 139E 0 - -
5-45 -0749-Oct-1810:53:26 20953 526 -33991 P t- -1.4349 0.1899 61S 1W 0 - -
6-44 -0731-Oct-2819:38:27 20660 519 -33768 P t- -1.4289 0.2020 61S 142W 0 - -
7-43 -0713-Nov-0904:28:06 20368 513 -33545 P t- -1.4270 0.2061 62S 75E 0 - -
8-42 -0695-Nov-1913:19:37 20079 506 -33322 P t- -1.4270 0.2066 62S 68W 0 - -
9-41 -0677-Nov-3022:12:46 19791 498 -33099 P t- -1.4288 0.2036 63S 148E 0 - -
10-40 -0659-Dec-1107:03:15 19506 491 -32876 P t- -1.4290 0.2034 64S 5E 0 - -
11-39 -0641-Dec-2215:52:49 19223 484 -32653 P t- -1.4290 0.2035 65S 139W 0 - -
12-38 -0622-Jan-0200:37:01 18942 477 -32430 P t- -1.4257 0.2094 66S 79E 0 - -
13-37 -0604-Jan-1309:16:16 18663 470 -32207 P t- -1.4189 0.2219 67S 63W 0 - -
14-36 -0586-Jan-2317:47:13 18387 463 -31984 P t- -1.4062 0.2455 68S 157E 0 - -
15-35 -0568-Feb-0402:11:44 18112 456 -31761 P t- -1.3891 0.2772 69S 18E 0 - -
16-34 -0550-Feb-1410:26:53 17838 449 -31538 P t- -1.3653 0.3216 70S 120W 0 - -
17-33 -0532-Feb-2518:32:58 17569 442 -31315 P t- -1.3349 0.3784 71S 105E 0 - -
18-32 -0514-Mar-0802:29:50 17300 436 -31092 P t- -1.2979 0.4478 71S 29W 0 - -
19-31 -0496-Mar-1810:17:57 17021 429 -30869 P t- -1.2541 0.5299 72S 161W 0 - -
20-30 -0478-Mar-2917:57:26 16710 422 -30646 P t- -1.2041 0.6237 72S 69E 0 - -
21-29 -0460-Apr-0901:28:37 16398 416 -30423 P t- -1.1480 0.7289 72S 59W 0 - -
22-28 -0442-Apr-2008:52:56 16097 409 -30200 P t- -1.0868 0.8434 71S 175E 0 - -
23-27 -0424-Apr-3016:10:59 15808 403 -29977 P t- -1.0210 0.9660 71S 51E 0 - -
24-26 -0406-May-1123:23:04 15519 396 -29754 T t- -0.9508 1.0249 54S 88W 17 27801m55s
25-25 -0388-May-2206:31:51 15244 390 -29531 T p- -0.8786 1.0251 42S 154E 28 17902m12s
26-24 -0370-Jun-0213:37:27 14975 384 -29308 T p- -0.8043 1.0237 32S 41E 36 13602m17s
27-23 -0352-Jun-1220:42:39 14706 377 -29085 T p- -0.7305 1.0213 24S 71W 43 10602m11s
28-22 -0334-Jun-2403:46:24 14454 371 -28862 T p- -0.6561 1.0179 17S 180E 49 8101m55s
29-21 -0316-Jul-0410:52:54 14203 365 -28639 H3 p- -0.5849 1.0137 12S 70E 54 5801m30s
30-20 -0298-Jul-1518:00:49 13954 359 -28416 H p- -0.5154 1.0089 8S 39W 59 3600m59s
31-19 -0280-Jul-2601:13:25 13716 353 -28193 H p- -0.4508 1.0037 5S 148W 63 1400m24s
32-18 -0262-Aug-0608:29:47 13479 347 -27970 A n- -0.3902 0.9979 3S 101E 67 800m13s
33-17 -0244-Aug-1615:53:24 13246 341 -27747 A n- -0.3363 0.9920 3S 10W 70 3000m51s
34-16 -0226-Aug-2723:22:59 13021 335 -27524 A n- -0.2881 0.9858 3S 124W 73 5201m28s
35-15 -0208-Sep-0706:59:37 12797 329 -27301 A nn -0.2465 0.9797 5S 121E 76 7402m05s
36-14 -0190-Sep-1814:43:59 12580 323 -27078 A nn -0.2121 0.9736 7S 4E 78 9602m41s
37-13 -0172-Sep-2822:35:47 12368 317 -26855 A nn -0.1848 0.9679 10S 115W 79 11703m17s
38-12 -0154-Oct-1006:34:53 12157 311 -26632 A nn -0.1640 0.9624 14S 125E 80 13803m52s
39-11 -0136-Oct-2014:38:50 11955 306 -26409 A nn -0.1479 0.9574 17S 3E 81 15704m26s
40-10 -0118-Oct-3122:49:06 11754 300 -26186 A nn -0.1377 0.9529 21S 120W 82 17405m00s
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 70
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
41 -9 -0100-Nov-1107:02:27 11554 295 -25963 A nn -0.1310 0.9490 24S 116E 82 18905m32s
42 -8 -0082-Nov-2215:18:39 11360 289 -25740 A nn -0.1274 0.9458 27S 8W 83 20106m01s
43 -7 -0064-Dec-0223:34:27 11167 284 -25517 Am nn -0.1243 0.9432 29S 131W 83 21106m27s
44 -6 -0046-Dec-1407:49:55 10976 278 -25294 A nn -0.1215 0.9413 30S 107E 83 21906m50s
45 -5 -0028-Dec-2416:01:30 10789 273 -25071 A nn -0.1163 0.9400 31S 15W 83 22407m08s
46 -4 -0009-Jan-0500:08:24 10603 268 -24848 A nn -0.1081 0.9393 29S 136W 84 22707m21s
47 -3 0009-Jan-1508:08:39 10422 262 -24625 A nn -0.0950 0.9392 27S 105E 84 22707m30s
48 -2 0027-Jan-2616:01:59 10244 257 -24402 A nn -0.0772 0.9395 24S 13W 85 22507m34s
49 -1 0045-Feb-0523:45:15 10067 252 -24179 A nn -0.0515 0.9402 19S 129W 87 22207m34s
50 0 0063-Feb-1707:19:36 9892 247 -23956 A nn -0.0190 0.9412 14S 116E 89 21807m30s
51 1 0081-Feb-2714:43:18 9719 242 -23733 A nn 0.0218 0.9424 8S 3E 89 21307m23s
52 2 0099-Mar-1021:58:20 9545 237 -23510 A nn 0.0691 0.9437 1S 108W 86 20807m12s
53 3 0117-Mar-2105:00:58 9373 232 -23287 A nn 0.1262 0.9449 7N 144E 83 20406m59s
54 4 0135-Apr-0111:56:20 9201 227 -23064 A nn 0.1886 0.9460 14N 37E 79 20206m43s
55 5 0153-Apr-1118:41:03 9029 222 -22841 A np 0.2598 0.9470 23N 67W 75 20206m24s
56 6 0171-Apr-2301:20:15 8857 217 -22618 A -p 0.3347 0.9476 31N 170W 70 20406m04s
57 7 0189-May-0307:50:18 8686 213 -22395 A -p 0.4168 0.9478 40N 91E 65 21105m43s
58 8 0207-May-1414:17:36 8514 208 -22172 A -p 0.5006 0.9476 48N 8W 60 22305m22s
59 9 0225-May-2420:39:15 8342 203 -21949 A -p 0.5889 0.9468 57N 103W 54 24305m02s
60 10 0243-Jun-0502:59:59 8170 199 -21726 A -p 0.6772 0.9456 65N 165E 47 27404m45s
61 11 0261-Jun-1509:19:10 7998 194 -21503 A -p 0.7665 0.9437 74N 80E 40 32604m31s
62 12 0279-Jun-2615:41:04 7826 190 -21280 A -p 0.8533 0.9411 80N 16E 31 42304m20s
63 13 0297-Jul-0622:05:27 7654 185 -21057 A -t 0.9377 0.9373 79N 15W 20 68704m12s
64 14 0315-Jul-1804:34:31 7480 181 -20834 P -t 1.0182 0.9299 64N 75W 0 - -
65 15 0333-Jul-2811:09:37 7306 177 -20611 P -t 1.0936 0.8010 63N 177E 0 - -
66 16 0351-Aug-0817:52:10 7132 172 -20388 P -t 1.1631 0.6825 62N 66E 0 - -
67 17 0369-Aug-1900:43:02 6955 168 -20165 P -t 1.2256 0.5761 62N 46W 0 - -
68 18 0387-Aug-3007:43:02 6777 164 -19942 P -t 1.2810 0.4824 61N 161W 0 - -
69 19 0405-Sep-0914:53:20 6599 160 -19719 P -t 1.3283 0.4025 61N 82E 0 - -
70 20 0423-Sep-2022:13:39 6420 156 -19496 P -t 1.3679 0.3361 61N 37W 0 - -
71 21 0441-Oct-0105:43:17 6241 152 -19273 P -t 1.4001 0.2821 61N 159W 0 - -
72 22 0459-Oct-1213:22:57 6063 148 -19050 P -t 1.4246 0.2412 61N 77E 0 - -
73 23 0477-Oct-2221:11:01 5888 144 -18827 P -t 1.4424 0.2116 61N 50W 0 - -
74 24 0495-Nov-0305:07:03 5712 140 -18604 P -t 1.4544 0.1915 62N 178W 0 - -
75 25 0513-Nov-1313:08:07 5536 136 -18381 P -t 1.4629 0.1773 63N 52E 0 - -
76 26 0531-Nov-2421:14:52 5361 133 -18158 P -t 1.4669 0.1700 64N 80W 0 - -
77 27 0549-Dec-0505:24:23 5185 129 -17935 P -t 1.4691 0.1658 64N 147E 0 - -
78 28 0567-Dec-1613:35:13 5013 125 -17712 P -t 1.4706 0.1624 65N 14E 0 - -
79 29 0585-Dec-2621:45:18 4840 122 -17489 P -t 1.4731 0.1571 67N 120W 0 - -
80 30 0604-Jan-0705:53:21 4669 118 -17266 P -t 1.4778 0.1478 68N 107E 0 - -
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 70
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
81 31 0622-Jan-1713:58:05 4500 115 -17043 P -t 1.4857 0.1329 69N 27W 0 - -
82 32 0640-Jan-2821:57:05 4332 111 -16820 P -t 1.4984 0.1091 70N 159W 0 - -
83 33 0658-Feb-0805:50:53 4165 108 -16597 P -t 1.5159 0.0769 70N 69E 0 - -
84 34 0676-Feb-1913:37:33 4000 105 -16374 Pe -t 1.5394 0.0337 71N 62W 0 - -

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 70

Solar eclipses of Saros 70 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0821 Sep 05. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0676 Feb 19. The total duration of Saros series 70 is 1496.50 years.

Summary of Saros 70
First Eclipse -0821 Sep 05
Last Eclipse 0676 Feb 19
Series Duration 1496.50 Years
No. of Eclipses 84
Sequence 23P 5T 3H 32A 21P

Saros 70 is composed of 84 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 70
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 84100.0%
PartialP 44 52.4%
AnnularA 32 38.1%
TotalT 5 6.0%
HybridH 3 3.6%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 70 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 70
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 40100.0%
Central (two limits) 40100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The 84 eclipses in Saros 70 occur in the following order : 23P 5T 3H 32A 21P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 70 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 70
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0027 Jan 2607m34s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -0262 Aug 0600m13s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -0370 Jun 0202m17s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -0334 Jun 2401m55s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0316 Jul 0401m30s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0280 Jul 2600m24s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0424 Apr 30 - 0.96603
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 0676 Feb 19 - 0.03371

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

jpeg jpeg
jpeg jpeg
jpeg jpeg

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.