Saros 60

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 60

Fred Espenak

Introduction

A solar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon's shadow passes across Earth's surface. At least two solar eclipses and as many as five occur every year.

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and the same time of year due to a harmonic in three cycles of the Moon's orbit. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 60

The table below lists the concise characteristics of every solar eclipse belonging to Saros 60 . The date and time of each eclipse is given for the instant of Greatest Eclipse. For eclipses between the years -1999 to 3000, the calendar date links to a web page containing additional details and a map showing the geographic region of eclipse visibility for that eclipse. A description of each parameter in the catalog table can be found in Key to Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 60
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
1-36 -1020-May-1822:05:19 25622 661 -37348 Pb t- -1.5292 0.0217 70S 13W 0 - -
2-35 -1002-May-3005:07:26 25297 625 -37125 P t- -1.4487 0.1692 69S 132W 0 - -
3-34 -0984-Jun-0912:12:29 24975 616 -36902 P t- -1.3691 0.3162 68S 109E 0 - -
4-33 -0966-Jun-2019:22:16 24654 609 -36679 P t- -1.2920 0.4595 67S 11W 0 - -
5-32 -0948-Jul-0102:36:19 24336 602 -36456 P t- -1.2172 0.5991 66S 131W 0 - -
6-31 -0930-Jul-1209:57:45 24019 595 -36233 P t- -1.1473 0.7298 65S 107E 0 - -
7-30 -0912-Jul-2217:25:38 23705 588 -36010 P t- -1.0817 0.8526 64S 16W 0 - -
8-29 -0894-Aug-0301:02:54 23393 581 -35787 P t- -1.0230 0.9625 63S 141W 0 - -
9-28 -0876-Aug-1308:47:10 23082 575 -35564 T t- -0.9694 1.0249 52S 109E 14 35101m50s
10-27 -0858-Aug-2416:42:22 22774 568 -35341 T t- -0.9240 1.0271 46S 9W 22 23702m03s
11-26 -0840-Sep-0400:45:34 22468 561 -35118 T t- -0.8846 1.0280 44S 131W 27 19902m06s
12-25 -0822-Sep-1508:58:56 22164 554 -34895 T p- -0.8534 1.0283 44S 103E 31 18002m06s
13-24 -0804-Sep-2517:20:08 21862 547 -34672 T p- -0.8281 1.0284 45S 25W 34 16802m03s
14-23 -0786-Oct-0701:50:31 21562 540 -34449 T p- -0.8102 1.0284 47S 155W 36 16101m59s
15-22 -0768-Oct-1710:27:19 21265 534 -34226 T p- -0.7970 1.0284 50S 73E 37 15701m56s
16-21 -0750-Oct-2819:09:58 20969 527 -34003 T p- -0.7884 1.0287 54S 60W 38 15601m55s
17-20 -0732-Nov-0803:57:23 20675 520 -33780 T p- -0.7833 1.0293 58S 166E 38 15801m54s
18-19 -0714-Nov-1912:48:21 20384 513 -33557 T p- -0.7815 1.0303 63S 32E 38 16401m56s
19-18 -0696-Nov-2921:40:05 20094 506 -33334 T p- -0.7796 1.0318 67S 100W 38 17201m59s
20-17 -0678-Dec-1106:31:29 19807 499 -33111 T p- -0.7775 1.0338 71S 132E 39 18202m06s
21-16 -0660-Dec-2115:20:44 19521 492 -32888 T p- -0.7734 1.0363 73S 9E 39 19402m15s
22-15 -0641-Jan-0200:07:04 19238 485 -32665 T p- -0.7668 1.0394 74S 109W 40 20702m26s
23-14 -0623-Jan-1208:47:21 18957 477 -32442 T p- -0.7554 1.0428 72S 134E 41 22002m41s
24-13 -0605-Jan-2317:22:30 18678 470 -32219 T p- -0.7398 1.0467 68S 13E 42 23202m59s
25-12 -0587-Feb-0301:49:45 18402 463 -31996 T p- -0.7176 1.0508 63S 111W 44 24203m21s
26-11 -0569-Feb-1410:10:12 18127 457 -31773 T p- -0.6898 1.0551 57S 124E 46 25103m45s
27-10 -0551-Feb-2418:21:29 17853 450 -31550 T p- -0.6545 1.0593 51S 1W 49 25804m13s
28 -9 -0533-Mar-0802:25:57 17584 443 -31327 T p- -0.6134 1.0635 44S 125W 52 26204m44s
29 -8 -0515-Mar-1810:22:09 17315 436 -31104 T p- -0.5656 1.0673 36S 112E 55 26505m15s
30 -7 -0497-Mar-2918:10:55 17038 429 -30881 T p- -0.5115 1.0708 28S 10W 59 26705m47s
31 -6 -0479-Apr-0901:53:05 16726 423 -30658 T p- -0.4517 1.0737 21S 130W 63 26706m16s
32 -5 -0461-Apr-2009:29:38 16415 416 -30435 T n- -0.3871 1.0760 13S 112E 67 26606m42s
33 -4 -0443-Apr-3017:01:55 16112 410 -30212 T n- -0.3190 1.0774 5S 5W 71 26407m01s
34 -3 -0425-May-1200:29:17 15824 403 -29989 T n- -0.2469 1.0782 2N 120W 76 26007m12s
35 -2 -0407-May-2207:54:56 15535 397 -29766 T n- -0.1733 1.0779 9N 125E 80 25607m13s
36 -1 -0389-Jun-0215:18:39 15259 390 -29543 T nn -0.0982 1.0769 16N 12E 84 25007m04s
37 0 -0371-Jun-1222:42:41 14990 384 -29320 Tm nn -0.0236 1.0749 22N 100W 89 24306m46s
38 1 -0353-Jun-2406:06:55 14721 378 -29097 T nn 0.0503 1.0721 27N 149E 87 23506m22s
39 2 -0335-Jul-0413:34:33 14467 371 -28874 T nn 0.1211 1.0685 31N 37E 83 22505m53s
40 3 -0317-Jul-1521:05:14 14217 365 -28651 T -n 0.1888 1.0642 33N 74W 79 21405m21s
Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 60
Seq Num Rel Num Calendar Date TD of Greatest Eclipse ΔT

s
ΔT Sigma
s
Luna Num Ecl Type QLE Gamma Ecl Mag Lat

°
Long

°
Sun Alt
°
Path Width km Central Dur
41 4 -0299-Jul-2604:40:10 13967 359 -28428 T -n 0.2525 1.0593 35N 174E 75 20104m50s
42 5 -0281-Aug-0612:20:21 13729 353 -28205 T -n 0.3112 1.0539 35N 61E 72 18704m18s
43 6 -0263-Aug-1620:07:06 13492 347 -27982 T -n 0.3637 1.0480 35N 55W 68 17103m48s
44 7 -0245-Aug-2804:00:48 13258 341 -27759 T -p 0.4100 1.0420 33N 172W 66 15303m20s
45 8 -0227-Sep-0712:01:10 13033 335 -27536 T -p 0.4501 1.0359 31N 68E 63 13402m52s
46 9 -0209-Sep-1820:09:25 12809 329 -27313 T -p 0.4832 1.0298 28N 55W 61 11402m25s
47 10 -0191-Sep-2904:25:09 12591 323 -27090 T -p 0.5097 1.0239 26N 180W 59 9301m59s
48 11 -0173-Oct-1012:47:23 12380 318 -26867 T -p 0.5300 1.0183 23N 53E 58 7301m35s
49 12 -0155-Oct-2021:16:02 12169 312 -26644 H -p 0.5446 1.0130 20N 76W 57 5301m10s
50 13 -0137-Nov-0105:49:29 11965 306 -26421 H -p 0.5547 1.0083 17N 154E 56 3400m47s
51 14 -0119-Nov-1114:27:24 11765 300 -26198 H -p 0.5605 1.0041 15N 22E 56 1700m24s
52 15 -0101-Nov-2223:06:02 11564 295 -25975 H -p 0.5652 1.0005 13N 110W 55 200m03s
53 16 -0083-Dec-0307:46:54 11371 289 -25752 A -p 0.5673 0.9974 12N 117E 55 1100m16s
54 17 -0065-Dec-1416:25:46 11177 284 -25529 A -p 0.5700 0.9949 11N 14W 55 2100m33s
55 18 -0047-Dec-2501:02:34 10986 279 -25306 A -p 0.5742 0.9930 11N 146W 55 3000m47s
56 19 -0028-Jan-0509:33:13 10799 273 -25083 A -p 0.5825 0.9915 13N 84E 54 3700m58s
57 20 -0010-Jan-1517:59:18 10613 268 -24860 A -p 0.5939 0.9904 15N 45W 53 4201m05s
58 21 0008-Jan-2702:17:08 10431 263 -24637 A -p 0.6113 0.9895 18N 172W 52 4701m09s
59 22 0026-Feb-0610:26:42 10254 257 -24414 A -p 0.6346 0.9888 23N 62E 50 5101m12s
60 23 0044-Feb-1718:26:34 10077 252 -24191 A -p 0.6651 0.9881 28N 61W 48 5601m13s
61 24 0062-Feb-2802:17:14 9902 247 -23968 A -p 0.7026 0.9874 34N 177E 45 6201m14s
62 25 0080-Mar-1009:57:11 9728 242 -23745 A -p 0.7481 0.9864 41N 57E 41 7201m15s
63 26 0098-Mar-2117:27:17 9554 237 -23522 A -p 0.8007 0.9850 50N 62W 36 8801m16s
64 27 0116-Apr-0100:47:34 9382 232 -23299 A -t 0.8605 0.9830 59N 178E 30 11801m19s
65 28 0134-Apr-1207:59:29 9211 227 -23076 A -t 0.9261 0.9801 69N 51E 22 19001m24s
66 29 0152-Apr-2215:01:41 9039 222 -22853 A+ -t 0.9987 0.9835 71N 136W 0 - -
67 30 0170-May-0321:57:51 8867 218 -22630 P -t 1.0751 0.8470 70N 106E 0 - -
68 31 0188-May-1404:46:53 8695 213 -22407 P -t 1.1563 0.7022 69N 9W 0 - -
69 32 0206-May-2511:32:28 8523 208 -22184 P -t 1.2387 0.5558 68N 123W 0 - -
70 33 0224-Jun-0418:12:16 8351 204 -21961 P -t 1.3246 0.4040 67N 125E 0 - -
71 34 0242-Jun-1600:52:05 8179 199 -21738 P -t 1.4090 0.2558 66N 14E 0 - -
72 35 0260-Jun-2607:29:58 8007 195 -21515 Pe -t 1.4940 0.1077 65N 97W 0 - -

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 60

Solar eclipses of Saros 60 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1020 May 18. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0260 Jun 26. The total duration of Saros series 60 is 1280.14 years.

Summary of Saros 60
First Eclipse -1020 May 18
Last Eclipse 0260 Jun 26
Series Duration 1280.14 Years
No. of Eclipses 72
Sequence 8P 40T 4H 14A 6P

Saros 60 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 60
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 14 19.4%
AnnularA 14 19.4%
TotalT 40 55.6%
HybridH 4 5.6%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 60 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 60
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 58100.0%
Central (two limits) 57 98.3%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.7%

The 72 eclipses in Saros 60 occur in the following order : 8P 40T 4H 14A 6P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 60 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses appear below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 60
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0134 Apr 1201m24s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -0083 Dec 0300m16s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -0407 May 2207m13s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -0173 Oct 1001m35s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0155 Oct 2001m10s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0101 Nov 2200m03s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0894 Aug 03 - 0.96249
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -1020 May 18 - 0.02166

Eclipse Publications

by Fred Espenak

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Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

The eclipse predictions presented here were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates have been calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass.

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -2999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this web site is based on the books Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.