Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28

Fred Espenak

Introduction

eclipse map

The Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28 is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on 1691 Feb 28 at 04:37:41 TD (04:37:32 UT1). This is 4.0 days after the Moon reaches apogee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Aquarius. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -2867.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 125 and is number 36 of 73 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node. The Moon moves southward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma decreases.

The solar eclipse of 1691 Feb 28 is a relatively long annular eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 06m40s. It has an eclipse magnitude of 0.9414.

The annular solar eclipse of 1691 Feb 28 is preceded two weeks earlier by a penumbral lunar eclipse on 1691 Feb 12, and it is followed two weeks later by a penumbral lunar eclipse on 1691 Mar 14.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 8.4 seconds for this eclipse.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28 .

Eclipse Data: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.94136
Eclipse Obscuration 0.88616
Gamma 0.17012
Conjunction Times
Event Calendar Date and Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse 1691 Feb 28 at 04:37:40.5 TD (04:37:32.1 UT1) 2338743.692732
Ecliptic Conjunction 1691 Feb 28 at 04:39:40.6 TD (04:39:32.1 UT1) 2338743.694122
Equatorial Conjunction 1691 Feb 28 at 04:48:12.7 TD (04:48:04.2 UT1) 2338743.700049
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
1691 Feb 28 at 04:37:40.5 TD (04:37:32.1 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension22h45m35.4s22h45m17.7s
Declination-07°53'25.0"-07°45'11.6"
Semi-Diameter 16'07.4" 14'57.1"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.9" 0°54'52.2"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l -3.8°
b -0.1°
c -20.6°
Prediction Paramaters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE406
ΔT 8.4 s
k (penumbra) 0.2725076
k (umbra) 0.2722810
Saros Series 125 (36/73)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactP101:35:40.801:35:32.321°36.4'S066°12.2'E
First Internal ContactP203:51:18.303:51:09.904°43.9'S034°47.7'E
Last Internal ContactP305:23:48.505:23:40.150°45.0'N177°25.7'W
Last External ContactP407:39:30.807:39:22.433°59.8'N153°03.5'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N103:15:22.703:15:14.219°31.1'N047°15.7'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1S102:54:47.502:54:39.150°51.9'S039°44.7'E
North Extreme Path Limit 2N205:59:20.305:59:11.973°44.2'N155°09.4'E
South Extreme Path Limit 2S206:20:52.306:20:43.804°34.2'N177°25.3'E

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactU102:40:03.702:39:55.218°16.5'S050°38.1'E
First Internal ContactU202:45:13.102:45:04.617°50.8'S049°24.8'E
Last Internal ContactU306:30:02.906:29:54.537°44.0'N169°37.5'E
Last External ContactU406:35:07.906:34:59.537°18.9'N168°26.9'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N102:42:55.002:42:46.616°48.4'S050°08.8'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1S102:42:24.402:42:16.019°19.1'S049°53.2'E
North Extreme Path Limit 2N206:32:18.106:32:09.638°45.0'N168°50.0'E
South Extreme Path Limit 2S206:32:50.006:32:41.636°17.6'N169°14.6'E

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1C102:42:38.302:42:29.918°03.9'S050°01.4'E
Extreme Central Line Limit 2C206:32:35.506:32:27.137°31.2'N169°02.3'E

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude Sun
Altitude		 Sun
Azimuth		 Path Width Central
Duration
Greatest Eclipse04:37:40.504:37:32.100°47.0'N109°15.1'E 80.2° 152.4° 219.7 km06m39.88s
Greatest Duration04:16:37.904:16:29.503°55.0'S105°15.9'E 75.7° 106.7° 224.1 km06m41.99s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28

Polynomial Besselian Elements
1691 Feb 28 at 05:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d l1 l2 μ
0 0.08919 0.23988 -7.8850 0.56787 0.02160 251.7585
1 0.45394 0.24078 0.0152 -0.00009 -0.00009 15.0032
2 -0.00001 0.00004 0.0000 -0.00001 -0.00001 0.0000
3 -0.00001 -0.00000 - - - -
Tan ƒ1 0.0047146
Tan ƒ2 0.0046911

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 5.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Annular Solar Eclipse of 1691 Feb 28 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 8.4 seconds for this eclipse.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.