Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23

Fred Espenak

Introduction

eclipse map

The Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23 is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on 1691 Aug 23 at 16:45:56 TD (16:45:48 UT1). This is 0.5 days after the Moon reaches perigee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Leo. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -2861.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 130 and is number 34 of 73 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node. The Moon moves northward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma increases.

The solar eclipse of 1691 Aug 23 is an exceptionally long total eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 06m01s. It has an eclipse magnitude of 1.0720.

The total solar eclipse of 1691 Aug 23 is preceded two weeks earlier by a penumbral lunar eclipse on 1691 Aug 09.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 8.3 seconds for this eclipse.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23 .

Eclipse Data: Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.07204
Eclipse Obscuration 1.14927
Gamma-0.13167
Conjunction Times
Event Calendar Date and Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse 1691 Aug 23 at 16:45:56.5 TD (16:45:48.2 UT1) 2338920.198474
Ecliptic Conjunction 1691 Aug 23 at 16:47:16.9 TD (16:47:08.6 UT1) 2338920.199405
Equatorial Conjunction 1691 Aug 23 at 16:52:39.9 TD (16:52:31.6 UT1) 2338920.203143
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
1691 Aug 23 at 16:45:56.5 TD (16:45:48.2 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension10h10m36.5s10h10m21.9s
Declination+11°17'11.7"+11°09'59.2"
Semi-Diameter 15'50.1" 16'41.4"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.7" 1°01'15.2"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l 1.3°
b 0.2°
c 19.2°
Prediction Paramaters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE406
ΔT 8.3 s
k (penumbra) 0.2725076
k (umbra) 0.2722810
Saros Series 130 (34/73)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactP114:08:49.014:08:40.721°07.1'N126°04.2'W
First Internal ContactP215:59:44.715:59:36.409°53.2'N151°22.2'W
Last Internal ContactP317:31:59.017:31:50.741°57.3'S002°45.9'W
Last External ContactP419:23:02.719:22:54.430°49.3'S027°01.8'W
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N115:15:56.915:15:48.648°48.1'N151°37.6'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S115:24:54.515:24:46.214°55.4'S137°36.5'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N218:16:11.418:16:03.102°49.8'S004°03.5'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2S218:06:30.918:06:22.665°33.3'S027°04.3'W

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactU115:02:28.515:02:20.218°38.1'N138°55.2'W
First Internal ContactU215:05:21.415:05:13.118°25.7'N139°35.7'W
Last Internal ContactU318:26:28.118:26:19.833°29.8'S013°38.3'W
Last External ContactU418:29:19.818:29:11.533°17.5'S014°17.7'W
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N115:03:52.115:03:43.819°19.0'N139°25.3'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S115:03:59.315:03:51.017°44.8'N139°06.1'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N218:27:57.318:27:49.032°37.2'S013°45.6'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2S218:27:49.218:27:40.934°10.0'S014°10.3'W

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1C115:03:54.915:03:46.618°32.0'N139°15.5'W
Extreme Central Line Limit 2C218:27:54.018:27:45.733°23.5'S013°58.0'W

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude Sun
Altitude		 Sun
Azimuth		 Path Width Central
Duration
Greatest Eclipse16:45:56.516:45:48.204°31.4'N074°19.5'W 82.5° 26.0° 235.9 km06m01.06s
Greatest Duration16:39:50.316:39:42.006°00.0'N075°50.6'W 81.7° 49.9° 236.4 km06m01.56s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23

Polynomial Besselian Elements
1691 Aug 23 at 17:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d l1 l2 μ
0 0.06382 -0.17864 11.2837 0.53231 -0.01378 74.4768
1 0.52207 -0.25897 -0.0136 0.00003 0.00003 15.0039
2 -0.00004 -0.00005 -0.0000 -0.00001 -0.00001 0.0000
3 -0.00001 0.00000 - - - -
Tan ƒ1 0.0046288
Tan ƒ2 0.0046058

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 17.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1691 Aug 23 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 8.3 seconds for this eclipse.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.