Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09 (1870 Dec 09 BCE)

Fred Espenak

Introduction

eclipse map

The Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09 (1870 Dec 09 BCE) is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on -1869 Dec 09 at 20:43:12 TD (08:41:58 UT1). This is 5.6 days after the Moon reaches apogee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Sagittarius. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -46889.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 12 and is number 45 of 86 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node. The Moon moves northward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma increases.

The annular solar eclipse of -1869 Dec 09 is preceded two weeks earlier by a penumbral lunar eclipse on -1869 Nov 24, and it is followed two weeks later by a penumbral lunar eclipse on -1869 Dec 23.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 43274.1 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 3196.4 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 13.35°.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09 .

Eclipse Data: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.95207
Eclipse Obscuration 0.90644
Gamma-0.16259
Conjunction Times
Event Calendar Date and Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse -1869 Dec 09 at 20:43:12.0 TD (08:41:57.8 UT1) 1038747.862475
Ecliptic Conjunction -1869 Dec 09 at 20:45:03.9 TD (08:43:49.8 UT1) 1038747.863771
Equatorial Conjunction -1869 Dec 09 at 20:48:59.4 TD (08:47:45.2 UT1) 1038747.866496
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
-1869 Dec 09 at 20:43:12.0 TD (08:41:57.8 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension16h01m20.8s16h01m09.2s
Declination-21°04'16.7"-21°12'56.2"
Semi-Diameter 16'15.7" 15'14.7"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.9" 0°55'57.0"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l -4.0°
b 0.3°
c 9.8°
Prediction Paramaters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE406
ΔT 43274.1 s
k (penumbra) 0.2725076
k (umbra) 0.2722810
Saros Series 12 (45/86)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactP117:45:16.705:44:02.610°40.9'N007°13.3'E
First Internal ContactP219:57:03.107:55:49.004°20.0'S031°33.2'W
Last Internal ContactP321:29:13.409:27:59.336°21.5'S143°33.8'E
Last External ContactP423:40:58.311:39:44.221°41.9'S102°58.7'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N118:46:50.806:45:36.737°29.0'N004°50.4'E
South Extreme Path Limit 1S119:31:23.607:30:09.527°08.0'S034°50.9'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N222:39:44.410:38:30.305°29.9'N107°19.6'E
South Extreme Path Limit 2S221:54:42.309:53:28.256°56.7'S157°02.0'E

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactU118:48:15.806:47:01.707°38.9'N009°43.3'W
First Internal ContactU218:52:34.206:51:20.107°19.1'N010°55.7'W
Last Internal ContactU322:33:48.010:32:33.925°00.9'S121°18.2'E
Last External ContactU422:38:00.710:36:46.624°41.8'S120°06.0'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N118:49:43.506:48:29.408°28.8'N009°45.6'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S118:51:08.006:49:53.906°29.2'N010°53.6'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N222:36:35.310:35:21.223°53.7'S120°04.7'E
South Extreme Path Limit 2S222:35:11.910:33:57.825°48.8'S121°20.3'E

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1C118:50:25.006:49:10.907°29.2'N010°19.4'W
Extreme Central Line Limit 2C222:35:54.410:34:40.324°51.1'S120°42.0'E

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude Sun
Altitude		 Sun
Azimuth		 Path Width Central
Duration
Greatest Eclipse20:43:12.008:41:57.830°08.8'S135°25.3'W 80.5° 18.4° 177.8 km05m10.76s
Greatest Duration20:56:33.508:55:19.432°09.6'S049°31.5'E 78.3° 340.0° 177.4 km05m11.70s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09

Polynomial Besselian Elements
-1869 Dec 09 at 21:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d l1 l2 μ
0 0.09198 -0.19895 -21.0732 0.56463 0.01838 136.4171
1 0.50125 -0.15609 -0.0081 -0.00012 -0.00012 14.9978
2 0.00006 0.00014 0.0000 -0.00001 -0.00001 -0.0000
3 -0.00001 0.00000 - - - -
Tan ƒ1 0.0047546
Tan ƒ2 0.0047310

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 21.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09 (1870 Dec 09 BCE)

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1869 Dec 09 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 43274.1 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 3196.4 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 13.35°.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.