Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 (1692 Nov 21 BCE)

Fred Espenak

Introduction

The Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 (1692 Nov 21 BCE) is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on -1691 Nov 21 at 06:19:28 TD (19:26:12 UT1). This is 0.5 days after the Moon reaches apogee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Sagittarius. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -44688.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 25 and is number 20 of 71 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node. The Moon moves southward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma decreases.

The solar eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 is an exceptionally long annular eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 11m40s. It has an eclipse magnitude of 0.9131.

The annular solar eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 is preceded two weeks earlier by a partial lunar eclipse on -1691 Nov 06.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 39196.2 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 2533.1 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 10.58°.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

Orthographic Map: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - global map of eclipse visibility
Google Map: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - interactive map of the eclipse path
Path Table: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - coordinates of the central line and path limits
Circumstances Table: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - eclipse times for hundreds of cities
Saros 25 Table - data for all eclipses in the Saros series

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 .

Eclipse Data: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter	Value
Eclipse Magnitude	0.91308
Eclipse Obscuration	0.83371
Gamma	0.62966

Conjunction Times
Event	Calendar Date and Time	Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse	-1691 Nov 21 at 06:19:28.0 TD (19:26:11.7 UT1)	1103744.309858
Ecliptic Conjunction	-1691 Nov 21 at 06:27:03.3 TD (19:33:47.1 UT1)	1103744.315128
Equatorial Conjunction	-1691 Nov 21 at 06:04:07.4 TD (19:10:51.1 UT1)	1103744.299203

Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
-1691 Nov 21 at 06:19:28.0 TD (19:26:11.7 UT1)
Coordinate	Sun	Moon
Right Ascension	14h50m56.6s	14h51m24.8s
Declination	-16°43'49.0"	-16°10'37.4"
Semi-Diameter	16'17.2"	14'42.0"
Eq. Hor. Parallax	09.0"	0°53'56.9"

Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle	Value
l	0.1°
b	-0.8°
c	18.6°

Prediction Paramaters
Paramater	Value
Ephemerides	JPL DE406
ΔT	39196.2 s
k (penumbra)	0.2725076
k (umbra)	0.2722810
Saros Series	25 (20/71)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
First External Contact	P1	03:27:12.5	16:33:56.2	33°36.4'N	149°02.6'W
Last External Contact	P4	09:11:49.7	22:18:33.5	11°35.3'N	070°14.3'W

Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1	N1	04:30:29.9	17:37:13.6	14°25.9'N	171°56.0'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1	S1	08:08:25.4	21:15:09.2	07°47.0'S	048°29.2'W

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
First External Contact	U1	04:42:31.3	17:49:15.1	46°44.9'N	160°45.5'W
First Internal Contact	U2	04:51:40.6	17:58:24.3	49°15.2'N	161°15.6'W
Last Internal Contact	U3	07:47:26.9	20:54:10.6	27°46.3'N	054°43.2'W
Last External Contact	U4	07:56:34.8	21:03:18.6	25°08.6'N	056°00.3'W

Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1	N1	04:49:35.9	17:56:19.7	49°56.8'N	160°12.8'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1	S1	04:44:44.7	17:51:28.5	46°00.5'N	161°48.4'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2	N2	07:49:31.8	20:56:15.6	28°30.3'N	055°31.7'W
South Extreme Path Limit 2	S2	07:54:21.4	21:01:05.2	24°22.1'N	055°09.8'W

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event	Contact	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1	C1	04:47:03.2	17:53:47.0	47°57.3'N	161°03.3'W
Extreme Central Line Limit 2	C2	07:52:03.6	20:58:47.3	26°24.4'N	055°20.9'W

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event	Time TD	Time UT1	Latitude	Longitude	Sun Altitude	Sun Azimuth	Path Width	Central Duration
Greatest Eclipse	06:19:28.0	19:26:11.7	21°41.6'N	090°25.1'E	50.8°	191.9°	424.3 km	11m39.87s
Greatest Duration	06:24:23.7	19:31:07.5	21°13.3'N	104°33.4'W	50.7°	195.7°	427.3 km	11m40.47s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21

Polynomial Besselian Elements
-1691 Nov 21 at 06:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n	x	y	d	l1	l2	μ
0	-0.03385	0.64957	-16.7278	0.57599	0.02968	272.5037
1	0.49259	-0.10063	-0.0124	-0.00000	-0.00000	14.9999
2	0.00002	0.00008	0.0000	-0.00001	-0.00001	-0.0000
3	-0.00001	0.00000	-	-	-	-

Tan ƒ1	0.0047625
Tan ƒ2	0.0047388

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t² + x3*t³ (or x = Σ [xn*tⁿ]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 6.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 (1692 Nov 21 BCE)

Orthographic Map: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - global map of eclipse visibility
Google Map: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - interactive map of the eclipse path
Path Table: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - coordinates of the central line and path limits
Circumstances Table: Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - eclipse times for hundreds of cities
Saros 25 Table - data for all eclipses in the Saros series
Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 - Google search for links to this eclipse

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Home - home page of EclipseWise with predictions for both solar and lunar eclipses

Solar Eclipses - primary page for solar eclipse predictions
Solar Eclipse Links - detailed directory of links

Six Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses - covers the years -2999 to +3000 (3000 BCE to 3000 CE)
Saros Catalog of Solar Eclipses - covers Saros series -30 through 190
World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Maps - index page
Solar Eclipse Search Engine - search for solar eclipses from -1999 to +3000
Javascript Solar Eclipse Explorer - calculate all solar eclipses visible from a city

Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500 - link to the publication

MrEclipse.com - eclipse resources and tips on photography
Solar Eclipses for Beginners - a primer on solar eclipse basics
MrEclipse Photo Index - an index of solar eclipse photographs

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Annular Solar Eclipse of -1691 Nov 21 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 39196.2 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 2533.1 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 10.58°.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.