Solar Eclipse Prime Page

Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21 (1420 Apr 21 BCE)

Fred Espenak

Introduction

eclipse map

The Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21 (1420 Apr 21 BCE) is visible from the geographic regions shown on the map to the right. Click on the map to enlarge it. For an explanation of the features appearing in the map, see Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.

The instant of greatest eclipse takes place on -1419 Apr 21 at 00:57:58 TD (15:41:54 UT1). This is 6.0 days after the Moon reaches perigee. During the eclipse, the Sun is in the constellation Taurus. The synodic month in which the eclipse takes place has a Brown Lunation Number of -41331.

The eclipse belongs to Saros 35 and is number 26 of 84 eclipses in the series. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node. The Moon moves southward with respect to the node with each succeeding eclipse in the series and gamma decreases.

The solar eclipse of -1419 Apr 21 is one of the rare hybrid solar eclipses. In this particular case the eclipse path starts out as annular. Further down the track it changes to total and then back to annular before the path ends. It is a very short hybrid eclipse with a duration at greatest eclipse of 00m26s. The eclipse magnitude is 1.0056, while Gamma has a value of 0.7373.

The hybrid solar eclipse of -1419 Apr 21 is preceded two weeks earlier by a partial lunar eclipse on -1419 Apr 07.

These eclipses all take place during a single eclipse season.

The eclipse predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 33364.9 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 1653.6 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 6.91°.

The following links provide maps and data for the eclipse.

The tables below contain detailed predictions and additional information on the Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21 .

Eclipse Data: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21

Eclipse Characteristics
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.00556
Eclipse Obscuration 1.01115
Gamma 0.73733
Conjunction Times
Event Calendar Date and Time Julian Date
Greatest Eclipse -1419 Apr 21 at 00:57:58.4 TD (15:41:53.5 UT1) 1202878.154091
Ecliptic Conjunction -1419 Apr 21 at 01:06:01.8 TD (15:49:56.9 UT1) 1202878.159686
Equatorial Conjunction -1419 Apr 21 at 01:42:17.8 TD (16:26:12.8 UT1) 1202878.184871
Geocentric Coordinates of Sun and Moon
-1419 Apr 21 at 00:57:58.4 TD (15:41:53.5 UT1)
Coordinate Sun Moon
Right Ascension01h02m24.0s01h01m02.4s
Declination+06°47'07.8"+07°24'14.8"
Semi-Diameter 15'44.6" 15'39.9"
Eq. Hor. Parallax 08.7" 0°57'29.3"
Geocentric Libration of Moon
Angle Value
l 5.5°
b -1.0°
c -21.4°
Prediction Paramaters
Paramater Value
Ephemerides JPL DE406
ΔT 33364.9 s
k (penumbra) 0.2725076
k (umbra) 0.2722810
Saros Series 35 (26/84)

Explanation of Solar Eclipse Data Tables

Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21

Contacts of Penumbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactP122:27:53.813:11:48.900°09.2'S108°02.8'W
Last External ContactP403:27:51.318:11:46.456°36.7'N007°22.5'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Penumbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N123:06:16.813:50:11.817°35.3'S115°30.7'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S102:49:36.217:33:31.239°24.8'N012°07.1'E

Explanation of Penumbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21

Contacts of Umbral Shadow with Earth
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
First External ContactU123:43:16.714:27:11.818°49.0'N129°14.1'W
First Internal ContactU223:43:44.414:27:39.518°59.6'N129°22.4'W
Last Internal ContactU302:11:42.716:55:37.774°53.4'N042°10.8'E
Last External ContactU402:12:16.216:56:11.274°42.0'N041°40.3'E
Extreme Northern and Southern Path Limits of Umbra
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
North Extreme Path Limit 1N123:43:41.214:27:36.219°01.5'N129°21.8'W
South Extreme Path Limit 1S123:43:20.014:27:15.118°47.1'N129°14.7'W
North Extreme Path Limit 2N202:11:46.616:55:41.774°55.4'N042°13.7'E
South Extreme Path Limit 2S202:12:12.216:56:07.374°40.0'N041°37.5'E

Explanation of Umbral Shadow Contacts and Extremes Tables

Central Line Extremes and Duration: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21

Extreme Limits of the Central Line
Contact Event Contact Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude
Extreme Central Line Limit 1C123:43:30.614:27:25.718°54.3'N129°18.2'W
Extreme Central Line Limit 2C202:11:59.416:55:54.574°47.7'N041°55.4'E

Explanation of Central Line Extremes Table

Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration
Event Time
TD		 Time
UT1		 Latitude Longitude Sun
Altitude		 Sun
Azimuth		 Path Width Central
Duration
Greatest Eclipse00:57:58.415:41:53.546°32.9'N134°11.6'E 42.2° 136.6° 28.0 km00m25.79s
Greatest Duration00:54:59.015:38:54.145°28.7'N087°16.8'W 42.2° 134.0° 28.3 km00m25.83s

Explanation of Greatest Eclipse and Greatest Duration

Polynomial Besselian Elements: Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21

Polynomial Besselian Elements
-1419 Apr 21 at 01:00:00.0 TD (=t0)
n x y d l1 l2 μ
0 -0.33672 0.65621 6.7845 0.54774 0.00158 195.5061
1 0.47765 0.26032 0.0149 0.00012 0.00012 15.0053
2 0.00002 -0.00007 -0.0000 -0.00001 -0.00001 -0.0000
3 -0.00001 -0.00000 - - - -
Tan ƒ1 0.0046027
Tan ƒ2 0.0045798

At time t1 (decimal hours), each besselian element is evaluated by:

x = x0 + x1*t + x2*t2 + x3*t3 (or x = Σ [xn*tn]; n = 0 to 3)

where: t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours) and t0 = 1.000

Explanation of Polynomial Besselian Elements

Links for the Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21 (1420 Apr 21 BCE)

Links to Additional Solar Eclipse Information

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar (also called the Western calendar) is internationally the most widely used civil calendar. It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in 1582. On this website, the Gregorian calendar is used for all calendar dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Eclipse Predictions

Predictions for the Hybrid Solar Eclipse of -1419 Apr 21 were generated using the JPL DE406 solar and lunar ephemerides. The lunar coordinates were calculated with respect to the Moon's Center of Mass. The predictions are given in both Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TD) and Universal Time (UT1). The parameter ΔT is used to convert between these two times (i.e., UT1 = TD - ΔT). ΔT has a value of 33364.9 seconds for this eclipse. The uncertainty in ΔT is 1653.6 seconds corresponding to a standard error in longitude of the eclipse path of ± 6.91°.

Acknowledgments

Some of the content on this website is based on the book Thousand Year Canon of Solar Eclipses 1501 to 2500. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is granted to reproduce eclipse data when accompanied by a link to this page and an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, www.EclipseWise.com"

The use of diagrams and maps is permitted provided that they are NOT altered (except for re-sizing) and the embedded credit line is NOT removed or covered.